Antibacterial Activity of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Kersen Leaf (Muntingia Calabura L.) Towards Escherichia Coli Bacteria Growth
Main Article Content
Escherichia coli is one of the bacteria that can cause infection. The initial management of infection is through antibiotics; however, inappropriate use of antibiotics can lead to antibiotic resistance. Therefore, alternative methods are needed to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli bacteria. One possible alternative is the use of medicinal plants, such as kersen leaves, which contain flavonoids, tannins, and saponins as antibacterial compounds. This study analyzed the antibacterial activity of the ethyl acetate fraction of kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) leaves against Escherichia coli bacteria. This research employed a well-diffusion experimental design with a post-test only control group design. The study used seven groups: two control groups and five treatment groups. The treatment groups consisted of the ethyl acetate fraction of kersen leaves with concentrations of 1%, 10%, 30%, 50%, and 70%. The control groups included a positive control (K(+)) with ciprofloxacin and a negative control (K(–)) using 10% Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO). Data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test, followed by the Mann–Whitney test. The largest average inhibition zone, showing a very strong inhibitory response, was found at a 70% concentration (26.9 mm). Strong inhibitory responses were observed at concentrations of 10% (10.5 mm), 30% (13.2 mm), and 50% (19.6 mm), while the smallest average inhibition zone, indicating a weak inhibitory response, was recorded at a 1% concentration (3.8 mm). The ethyl acetate fraction of kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) leaves demonstrated inhibition against the growth of Escherichia coli bacteria, with the highest inhibition level observed at a 70% concentration, producing an average inhibition zone of 26.9 mm.
Anggraini, P. H., Septiarini, A. D., & Wardani, T. S. (2021). Uji Daya Hambat Ekstrak Dan Fraksi N-Hekasan, Fraksi Etil Asetat, Fraksi Air Daun Kersen (Muntingia Calabura L) Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Duta Pharma Journal, 1(2), 8–19. https://doi.org/10.47701/djp.v1i2.1209
Bates, D. W. (2018). Big data in healthcare: Opportunities and challenges. Health Affairs, 37(3), 368–374. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2017.1157
Bohren, M. A. (2015). The mistreatment of women during childbirth in health facilities. PLoS Medicine, 12(6), e1001847. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001847
Campbell, S. M. (2016). Measuring quality of care in general practice. BMJ Quality & Safety, 25(1), 5–7. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2015-004141
Federer, L. (2018). Defining data librarianship: A survey of competencies. Journal of EScience Librarianship, 7(2), e1126. https://doi.org/10.7191/jeslib.2018.1126
Figueroa, C. A. (2019). The use of telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, 25(8), 455–462. https://doi.org/10.1177/1357633X19874949
Greenhalgh, T. (2017). Beyond adoption: A new framework for theorizing and evaluating digital health. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 19(11), e367. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.8775
Hadi, K., & Permatasari, I. (2019). Uji Fitokimia Kersen (Muntingia calabura .L) Dan Pemanfaatannya Sebagai Alternatif Penyembuhan Luka. Prosiding SainsTeKes Semnas MIPAKes UMRi, 1, 22–31.
Handoko, A. D. (2020). Uji Efektivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Kersen (Muntigia Calabura L.) Terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli. Repositori.Umsu.Ac.Id, 10(2), 1–51.
Jones, H. E., Calixte, C., Manze, M., Perlman, M., Rubin, S., Roberts, L., & Romeo, D. (2020). Primary care patients’ preferences for reproductive health services. Contraception, 101(4), 226–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.contraception.2019.12.003
Kruk, M. E. (2018). High-quality health systems in the Sustainable Development Goals era. The Lancet Global Health, 6(11), e1196–e1252. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30386-3
Kruse, C. S. (2018). Health information technology and healthcare resource utilization. JMIR Medical Informatics, 6(2), e34. https://doi.org/10.2196/medinform.8473
Kuuire, V., & Dassah, E. (2020). Place and Health. In International Encyclopedia of Human Geography (Second Edition). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102295-5.10412-3
Marmot, M. (2020). COVID-19 and health inequalities. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 74(9), 681–682. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2020-214401
Mochammad Maulidie Alfiannor Saputera, Tio Widia Astuti Marpaung, N. A. (2019). Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum (Khm) Kadar Ekstrak Etanol Batang Bajakah Tampala (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk) Terhadap Bakteri Escherichia Coli Melalui Metode Sumuran. Jurnal Ilmiah Manuntung, 5(2), 167–173.
Nuryah, A., Yuniarti, N., & Puspitasari, I. (2019). Prevalensi dan Evaluasi Kesesuaian Penggunaan Antibiotik pada Pasien dengan Infeksi Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus di RSUP Dr. Soeradji Tirtonegoro Klaten. Majalah Farmaseutik, 15(2), 123. https://doi.org/10.22146/farmaseutik.v15i2.47911
Shamsudin, N. F., Ahmed, Q. U., Mahmood, S., Shah, S. A. A., Khatib, A., Mukhtar, S., Alsharif, M. A., Parveen, H., & Zakaria, Z. A. (2022). Antibacterial Effects of Flavonoids and Their Structure-Activity Relationship Study: A Comparative Interpretation. Molecules, 27(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27041149
Shanafelt, T. D. (2017). Physician burnout and healthcare system performance. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 92(1), 129–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.10.004
Suhaenah, A. (2021). Penetapan Kadar Flavonoid Fraksi Etil Asetat Daun Karet Kebo (Ficus elastica) Dengan Metode Spektrofotometri UV-VIS. Modul Biokimia Materi Metabolisme Lemak, Daur Asam Sitrat, Fosforilasi Oksidatif Dan Jalur Pentosa Fosfat, 13(1), 6.
Tannenbaum, C. (2016). Why sex and gender matter in implementation research. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 16, 145. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-016-0247-7
Tenopir, C., & Allard, S. (2014). Research data management services in academic research libraries. Journal of Academic Librarianship, 40(1), 84–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2013.11.003
Van Panhuis, W. G. (2014). A systematic review of barriers to data sharing in public health. BMC Public Health, 14, 1144. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-1144
Xu, Z., Zhou, X., Kogut, A., & Clough, M. (2022). Effect of online research data management instruction on social science graduate students’ RDM skills. Library & Information Science Research, 44(4), 101190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lisr.2022.101190
