Histopathology of the Liver of White Rats (Rattus Norvegicus) Given Binahong Leaf Extract (Anredera cordifolia)
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Drug-Induced Liver Injury (DILI) refers to hepatic damage caused by drug exposure, with established molecular mechanisms including mitochondrial dysfunction, elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS), increased apoptosis and necrosis, and bile duct injury via immune-mediated pathways. Binahong leaves (Anredera cordifolia) contain saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins, which exhibit antioxidant properties. These compounds are known to neutralize free radicals in the liver. This study aimed to examine the effect of binahong leaf extract on the liver histopathology of white rats (Rattus norvegicus) induced by diclofenac sodium. A true experimental posttest-only design with a control group was employed. Thirty Wistar strain rats were divided into five groups: negative control, positive control (diclofenac sodium 10 mg/kgBW), and three treatment groups receiving diclofenac sodium plus binahong leaf extract at doses of 100, 150, and 200 mg/kgBW, respectively. Liver damage was assessed using the Roenigk histopathology scoring system. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by Post Hoc Tukey HSD. The results indicated a significant difference in liver histopathology among groups (p=0.001, p<0.05). Histopathological changes were observed as follows: negative control (4 normal, 1 parenchymatous), positive control (3 parenchymatous, 3 hydropic), P1 (3 parenchymatous, 2 hydropic), P2 (4 parenchymatous, 1 hydropic), and P3 (2 normal, 3 parenchymatous). In conclusion, binahong leaf extract significantly improved liver histopathology in diclofenac-induced rats, with the most effective dose being 200 mg/kgBW.
