Analysis of Differences in Chitosan Nanoparticle Preparations on the Inhibitory Power of Bacteria in the Oral Cavity
Main Article Content
The oral cavity serves as a primary habitat for various bacteria, which can lead to oral health issues such as caries, periodontal disease, and thrush. Chitosan nanoparticles are known for their antibacterial properties and have potential as agents to inhibit bacterial growth in the oral cavity. This study aims to evaluate and compare the antibacterial efficacy of chitosan nanoparticles at different concentrations (1%, 2%, and 3%) against specific oral bacteria, including Streptococcus mutans (caries-causing bacteria), Porphyromonas gingivalis (periodontal disease bacteria), and Streptococcus sanguinis (thrush bacteria). A true experimental design was applied with in vitro testing on bacterial cultures, followed by in vivo testing on male Wistar rats aged 4 months to observe practical efficacy. The most effective concentration was then formulated into three dosage forms: gel, toothpaste, and solution. Data analysis was conducted using ANOVA, followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test to compare the inhibitory effects across the formulations. Results indicated that the 3% chitosan mouthwash had the highest bacterial inhibitory effect, with an inhibition zone of 1.30 cm, outperforming other formulations, while the 1.5% chitosan gel showed the lowest efficacy at 0.91 cm. These findings suggest that different chitosan formulations exhibit varying levels of antibacterial activity, with 3% chitosan mouthwash demonstrating the most potential. This research highlights the implications of chitosan nanoparticles as effective antibacterial agents in oral care products, promoting future exploration of chitosan-based formulations for improved oral health solutions.
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