Effectiveness of Art Therapy Intervention to Reduce the Level of Parenting Stress and Negative Emotions of Mothers of Hydrocephalus Patients
Main Article Content
Children with developmental disorders such as hydrocephalus require assistance in carrying out daily activities. In previous studies, many have said that it is important to provide attention to mothers who have children with disabilities, but not many have provided direct interventions to reduce stress levels and negative emotions in mothers. This study aims to see the effectiveness of art therapy intervention in reducing stress levels and negative emotions of participants. This study is an experimental study with a one-group pre-test post-test design involving seven mothers who have an age range of 20-40 years, have children with hydrocephalus, and are directly involved in their care. Differences in stress levels and negative emotions were measured using the Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10) and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) from. Based on the results of analysis using paired sample t-test, it was found that there were significant differences in maternal stress levels (t=8.910, p=.000), negative emotions (z=-2.032, p=.042) and positive emotions (z=-2.371, p= .018). These results suggest that art therapy intervention can reduce the level of parenting stress and negative emotions, and increase positive emotions in mothers who have children with hydrocephalus.
Keywords:
stress, negative emotions, mother, hydrocephalus, art therapy.
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Fernando, N., Dewi, E., & Juliningrum, P. (2020). The Relationship between Spirituality and Parenting Stress for Mothers of Mentally Retarded Children. Sriwijaya Nursing Journal, 7(2), 25–33.
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Hoemann, K., Xu, F., & Barrett, L.F. (2019). Emotion words, emotion concepts, and emotional development in children: A constructionist hypothesis. Developmental Psychology, 55(9), 1830. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000686
Hu, C., Hart, S., Gnanaolivu, R., Huang, H., Lee, K., Na, J., Gao, C., Lilyquist, J., Yadav, S., & Boddicker, NJ (2021). A population-based study of genes previously implicated in breast cancer. New England Journal of Medicine, 384(5), 440–451. 10.1056/NEJMoa2005936
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Mangi, D. A. (2016). An exploration of social predicaments facing children with hydrocephalus: the Muhimbili Orthopedic Institute case study. The Open University of Tanzania.
McIntyre, M. L., & Murphy, S. A. (2016). The theory of practice and the practice of theory. Industry and Higher Education, 30(2), 109–116. https://doi.org/10.5367/ihe.2016.0300
Miranda, A., Mira, A., Berenguer, C., Rosello, B., & Baixauli, I. (2019). Parenting stress in mothers of children with autism without intellectual disability. Mediation of behavioral problems and coping strategies. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 437799.
Monteiro, F., Pereira, M., Canavarro, M. C., & Fonseca, A. (2020). Be a mom's efficacy in enhancing positive mental health among postpartum women presenting low risk for postpartum depression: Results from a pilot randomized trial—International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(13), 4679. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134679
Murrar, S., Johnson, P. A., Lee, Y.-G., & Carnes, M. (2021). Research on women was deemed more impactful but less publishable than those conducted on men. Journal of Women's Health, 30(9), 1259–1267. https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2020.8666
Oti-Boadi, M., Osei-Tutu, A., & Mate-Kole, C. C. (2022). Challenges and support needs of parents of children with developmental disabilities (DD) in Accra, Ghana—Research in Developmental Disabilities, 128, 104274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2022.104274
Paterson, R. J. (2022). The assertiveness workbook: How to express your ideas and stand up for yourself at work and in relationships. New Harbinger Publications.
Permatasari, AE, Marat, S., & Suparman, MY (2017). Application of art therapy to reduce depression in the elderly in Nursing Home X. Muara Journal of Social Sciences, Humanities, and Arts, 1(1), 116–126.
Philpott, L.F., Leahy-Warren, P., FitzGerald, S., & Savage, E. (2017). Stress in fathers in the perinatal period: a systematic review. Midwifery, pp. 55, 113–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2017.09.016
Ramadhany, SD, Larasati, TA, & Soleha, TU (2018). Factors related to the level of parenting stress in mothers who have mentally disabled children at SLB Dharma Bhakti Dharma Pertiwi. Journal of Agromedicine, 4(2), 287–292.
Rick, A.-M., Laurens, MB, Huang, Y., Yu, C., Martin, TCS, Rodriguez, CA, Rostad, CA, Maboa, RM, Baden, LR, El Sahly, HM, Grinsztejn, B ., Gray, GE, Gay, CL, Gilbert, PB, Janes, HE, Kublin, J.G., Huang, Y., Leav, B., Hirsch, I., … Sobieszczyk, ME (2023). Risk of COVID-19 after natural infection or vaccination. EBioMedicine, 96, 104799. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104799
Scherer, N., Verhey, I., & Kuper, H. (2019). Depression and anxiety in parents of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS One, 14(7), e0219888.
Sezen, C., & Ünsalver, B. Ö. (2019). Group art therapy for the management of fear of childbirth. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 64, 9–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aip.2018.11.007
Shattnawi, K.K., Qananbeh, F.S., & Khater, W. (2023). The experiences of mothers of children with hydrocephalus in Jordan: A phenomenological study. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, p. 69, e127–e135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2022.12.026
Situmorang, DDB (2018). How does cognitive behavior therapy view the academic anxiety of the undergraduate thesis? Islamic Guidance and Counseling Journal, 1(2), 69–80.
Vaartio-Rajalin, H., Santamäki-Fischer, R., Jokisalo, P., & Fagerström, L. (2021). Art making and expressive art therapy in adult health and nursing care: A scoping review. International Journal of Nursing Sciences, 8(1), 102–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnss.2020.09.011
Venuti, L. (2017). The translator's invisibility: A history of translation. Routledge.
Wang, H., Zhang, T., Lu, M., Zeng, Y., Xiao, Y., Ren, X., & Zhang, P. (2021). Effects of physical activity and counseling interventions on health outcomes among working women in Shanghai. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 20(1), 77. 10.52082/jssm.2021.77
Wielki, J. (2020). Analysis of the role of digital influencers and their impact on the functioning of the contemporary online promotional system and its sustainable development. Sustainability, 12(17), 7138. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12177138
Yap, M., Pilkington, P., Ryan, S., & Jorm, AF (2014). Parental factors associated with depression and anxiety in young people: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, pp. 156, 8–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2013.11.007
Zahra, W. (2018). A Study on Stress Levels of Children of Working and Non-Working Mothers. International Multidisciplinary Research Journal (RHIMRJ), 5(1), 2349–2355.
Ayano, G., Betts, K., Maravilla, J. C., & Alati, R. (2021). The risk of anxiety disorders in children of parents with severe psychiatric disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 282, 472–487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.134
Buchanan, D., Hargreaves, E., & Quick, L. (2023). Schools closed during the pandemic: Revelations about the well-being of 'lower-attaining' primary-school children. Education 3-13, 51(7), 1077–1090. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004279.2022.2043405
Bujnowska, A.M., Rodríguez, C., García, T., Areces, D., & Marsh, N.V. (2021). Coping with stress in parents of children with developmental disabilities. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 21(3), 100254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijchp.2021.100254
Cantwell, J., Muldoon, O. T., & Gallagher, S. (2014). Social support and mastery influence the association between stress and poor physical health in parents caring for children with developmental disabilities. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 35(9), 2215–2223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2014.05.012
Clayborne, Z.M., Kingsbury, M., Sampasa-Kinyaga, H., Sikora, L., Lalande, K.M., & Colman, I. (2021). Parenting practices in childhood and depression, anxiety, and internalizing symptoms in adolescence: a systematic review. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 56, 619–638.
Csikszentmihalyi, M., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2014). Attention and the holistic approach to behavior. Flow and the Foundations of Positive Psychology: The Collected Works of Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, 1–20.
Czamanski-Cohen, J., & Weihs, K. L. (2016). The body-mind model: A platform for studying the mechanisms of change induced by art therapy. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 51, 63–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aip.2016.08.006
Duzgun, M.V. (2020). Factors Affecting the Anxiety Level and Quality of Life of Parents of Children with Hydrocephalus. International Journal of Caring Sciences, 13(2), 1382–1391.
Erkan, Z., AF??N, B., & KIRAN, B. (2022). Examination Of The Effect Of The Online Psycho-Education Program On Increasing Emotional Awareness Through Art Therapy Of Mothers With Children Aged 0-5. International Journal of Eurasian Education and Culture, 7(17), 793–827.
Fernando, N., Dewi, E., & Juliningrum, P. (2020). The Relationship between Spirituality and Parenting Stress for Mothers of Mentally Retarded Children. Sriwijaya Nursing Journal, 7(2), 25–33.
Fredriksen-Goldsen, K.I., & Kim, H.-J. (2017). The science of conducting research with LGBT older adults introduction to aging with pride: National health, aging, and sexuality/gender study (NHAS). In The Gerontologist (Vol. 57, Issue suppl_1, pp. S1–S14). Oxford University Press US. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnw212
Hobfoll, S. E., & Freedy, J. (2017). Conservation of resources: A general stress theory applied to burnout. In Professional burnout (pp. 115–129). Routledge.
Hoemann, K., Xu, F., & Barrett, L.F. (2019). Emotion words, emotion concepts, and emotional development in children: A constructionist hypothesis. Developmental Psychology, 55(9), 1830. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000686
Hu, C., Hart, S., Gnanaolivu, R., Huang, H., Lee, K., Na, J., Gao, C., Lilyquist, J., Yadav, S., & Boddicker, NJ (2021). A population-based study of genes previously implicated in breast cancer. New England Journal of Medicine, 384(5), 440–451. 10.1056/NEJMoa2005936
Jeon, L., Buettner, C.K., & Grant, A.A. (2018). Early childhood teachers' psychological well-being: Exploring potential predictors of depression, stress, and emotional exhaustion. Early Education and Development, 29(1), 53–69. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2017.1341806
Kim, N., & Kang, S. (2017). Older and more engaged: The mediating role of age?linked resources on work engagement. Human Resource Management, 56(5), 731–746. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.21802
Maghanga, C. (2022). Challenges Of Mothers Bearing Children With Hydrocephalus: A Case Study Of Mombasa County, Kenya. pwani university.
Malchiodi, C. A. (2020). Trauma and expressive arts therapy: Brain, body, and imagination in the healing process. Guilford Publications.
Mangi, D. A. (2016). An exploration of social predicaments facing children with hydrocephalus: the Muhimbili Orthopedic Institute case study. The Open University of Tanzania.
McIntyre, M. L., & Murphy, S. A. (2016). The theory of practice and the practice of theory. Industry and Higher Education, 30(2), 109–116. https://doi.org/10.5367/ihe.2016.0300
Miranda, A., Mira, A., Berenguer, C., Rosello, B., & Baixauli, I. (2019). Parenting stress in mothers of children with autism without intellectual disability. Mediation of behavioral problems and coping strategies. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 437799.
Monteiro, F., Pereira, M., Canavarro, M. C., & Fonseca, A. (2020). Be a mom's efficacy in enhancing positive mental health among postpartum women presenting low risk for postpartum depression: Results from a pilot randomized trial—International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(13), 4679. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134679
Murrar, S., Johnson, P. A., Lee, Y.-G., & Carnes, M. (2021). Research on women was deemed more impactful but less publishable than those conducted on men. Journal of Women's Health, 30(9), 1259–1267. https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2020.8666
Oti-Boadi, M., Osei-Tutu, A., & Mate-Kole, C. C. (2022). Challenges and support needs of parents of children with developmental disabilities (DD) in Accra, Ghana—Research in Developmental Disabilities, 128, 104274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2022.104274
Paterson, R. J. (2022). The assertiveness workbook: How to express your ideas and stand up for yourself at work and in relationships. New Harbinger Publications.
Permatasari, AE, Marat, S., & Suparman, MY (2017). Application of art therapy to reduce depression in the elderly in Nursing Home X. Muara Journal of Social Sciences, Humanities, and Arts, 1(1), 116–126.
Philpott, L.F., Leahy-Warren, P., FitzGerald, S., & Savage, E. (2017). Stress in fathers in the perinatal period: a systematic review. Midwifery, pp. 55, 113–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2017.09.016
Ramadhany, SD, Larasati, TA, & Soleha, TU (2018). Factors related to the level of parenting stress in mothers who have mentally disabled children at SLB Dharma Bhakti Dharma Pertiwi. Journal of Agromedicine, 4(2), 287–292.
Rick, A.-M., Laurens, MB, Huang, Y., Yu, C., Martin, TCS, Rodriguez, CA, Rostad, CA, Maboa, RM, Baden, LR, El Sahly, HM, Grinsztejn, B ., Gray, GE, Gay, CL, Gilbert, PB, Janes, HE, Kublin, J.G., Huang, Y., Leav, B., Hirsch, I., … Sobieszczyk, ME (2023). Risk of COVID-19 after natural infection or vaccination. EBioMedicine, 96, 104799. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104799
Scherer, N., Verhey, I., & Kuper, H. (2019). Depression and anxiety in parents of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS One, 14(7), e0219888.
Sezen, C., & Ünsalver, B. Ö. (2019). Group art therapy for the management of fear of childbirth. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 64, 9–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aip.2018.11.007
Shattnawi, K.K., Qananbeh, F.S., & Khater, W. (2023). The experiences of mothers of children with hydrocephalus in Jordan: A phenomenological study. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, p. 69, e127–e135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2022.12.026
Situmorang, DDB (2018). How does cognitive behavior therapy view the academic anxiety of the undergraduate thesis? Islamic Guidance and Counseling Journal, 1(2), 69–80.
Vaartio-Rajalin, H., Santamäki-Fischer, R., Jokisalo, P., & Fagerström, L. (2021). Art making and expressive art therapy in adult health and nursing care: A scoping review. International Journal of Nursing Sciences, 8(1), 102–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnss.2020.09.011
Venuti, L. (2017). The translator's invisibility: A history of translation. Routledge.
Wang, H., Zhang, T., Lu, M., Zeng, Y., Xiao, Y., Ren, X., & Zhang, P. (2021). Effects of physical activity and counseling interventions on health outcomes among working women in Shanghai. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 20(1), 77. 10.52082/jssm.2021.77
Wielki, J. (2020). Analysis of the role of digital influencers and their impact on the functioning of the contemporary online promotional system and its sustainable development. Sustainability, 12(17), 7138. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12177138
Yap, M., Pilkington, P., Ryan, S., & Jorm, AF (2014). Parental factors associated with depression and anxiety in young people: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, pp. 156, 8–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2013.11.007
Zahra, W. (2018). A Study on Stress Levels of Children of Working and Non-Working Mothers. International Multidisciplinary Research Journal (RHIMRJ), 5(1), 2349–2355.
