SUSTAINABLE ASPECT OF THE PEUNAYONG HERITAGE AREA

Rikza¹, Agung Budi Sardjono²

Universitas Diponegoro, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia

rikzasalahuddin@gmail.com¹, agungbsardjono@gmail.com²

KEYWORDS	ABSTRACT
sustainable aspect, heritage area, peunayong.	Peunayong is a trading area in Chinatown village. It has also been designated as a cultural heritage area in Banda Aceh City. The sustainable aspects of the Peunayong area need to be considered so that the area's historical value can still be enjoyed in the future. This study aims to discuss how the Banda Aceh City government has acted to preserve environmental functions and the sustainability of City development for a long time in terms of sustainability aspects. This study uses descriptive qualitative methods and field observations. The City Government has designated the Peunayong area as one of its strategic areas, and it needs preservation according to the Banda Aceh RTRW No. 4 of 2009-2029. strategic area of the City, where spatial planning is prioritized because it impacts economic, socio-cultural, and environmental sustainability. Article 69 RTRW Banda Aceh No. 4 of 2009-2029 mentions the City's strategic efforts with the development of a waterfront city.
DOI: 10.58860/ijsh.v2i7.68

Corresponding Author: Rikza

E-mail: rikzasalahuddin@gmail.com

INTRODUCTION

Sustainable development is a development that can balance economic, ecological, and socio-cultural aspects (Jazuli, 2015). To present sustainability in the utilization of resources that future generations can utilize. The concept of sustainable architecture is implemented in order to be able to meet the needs of today's users and not interfere with the needs of future generations. Sustainable development needs to pay attention to the ecological side and positively impact the social environment. The Peunayong area is a trade and service area where the majority of the population is ethnic Chinese (Helmisyah & Rosyad, 2021). The Peunayong area was designated as a cultural heritage area because this area had historical value during the Aceh Sultanate. Hopefully, this area will be maintained and well maintained in the future. So that future generations can still enjoy this historical site in the Peunayong area

The purpose and objectives of this study are to discuss the responses and tips of the Banda Aceh City government in preserving environmental functions and the sustainability of city development for a long time in terms of sustainability aspects in the Peunayong area. This research examines in terms of environmental aspects.

Sustainable Architecture

Sustainable development prioritizes and balances economic, social, cultural, and environmental aspects of development (Hayati & Yulianto, 2020). The balance needs to be applied to maintain the presence of sustainability in using existing natural resources so that future generations can utilize natural resources under the same conditions as now.

The concept of sustainable architecture can meet the needs of its users in the present without harm and meet the needs of future generations (Mu'min, 2020).

According to Brundtland, sustainable architectural design has two main objectives, namely, being able to reduce the impact of development on the environment (Rachmayanti & Roesli, 2014). Sustainable buildings must be ecological. Furthermore, it must positively impact the social environment by fulfilling the needs of the community and increasing their psychological, environmental, and physical quality.

According to Budihardjo, to bring about sustainability, five basic things need to be considered; these basics are known as Panca E: Environment (Ecology), Economy (Employment), Equity Engagement, and Energy (Untoro & Raihan, 2017).

The aspects that are considered in sustainable development, namely (Aji, 2021):

a. Environmental Aspect

Development is intended to advance people's lives in a country by providing new facilities and infrastructure and developing existing ones (Siti Maryam, 2017). The concept of sustainability has aspects that are interconnected, namely development aspects and environmental aspects (Ngoyo, 2015). Carrying out sustainable development requires natural resources and human resources. The need for these resources is limited, in which resources cannot continuously produce and will run out. So the preservation of resources must be considered in order to survive for the next generation. The process of balancing resources with economic activities requires an understanding of environmental development knowledge. From the explanation of sustainable development, which pays attention to the needs of future generations, it can be concluded that there is a relationship between sustainable development and environmentally conscious development. The Law on Environmental Protection and Management No. 32 of 2009 states that sustainable development is to integrate social, economic, and environmental aspects in a planned manner for the sustainability of all aspects of present and future life (Sutrisno, 2018).

b. Socio-Cultural Aspects

Socio-cultural development has principles with social and humanities variables, namely independence, harmony, loyal friends, democracy, welfare, and happiness (Wirutomo, 2014). For the principles mentioned, it is difficult to adapt to material growth. The variables mentioned must be included in the calculation of development input-output. Social understanding is not individual because social planning aims to change society as a system, not only concerned with the individual (individual) or specific group (exclusive) changes (Wirutomo, 2014). Bellah explains that economic and material development should go hand in hand with improving the quality of social life (Wirutomo, 2014). Social development is also called human improvement in terms of its social environment. From the social development perspective, community participation is a goal, not just a tool or method. With an active and creative community participating in development, the quality of human nature that has aspirations, self-esteem, and freedom can be realized or improved. It can be concluded that social development covers basic needs and human rights (social inclusion) equitably and fairly (Wirutomo, 2014). It is hoped that the development zone will be able to refer to the socio-cultural life expected by the community concerned because social development is the basis of economic development.

c. Economic Aspect

The economic aspect of sustainability planning involves selecting and applying suitable materials and economic development according to potential (Amin et al., 2019). The selection of materials with local materials impacts long-term care and maintenance. These activities can reduce development costs and help develop the regional economy. Further developing the activities that are accommodated in the area can increase the level of the economy and the lives of residents. Facing the trade-off between fulfilling development needs and efforts to maintain environmental sustainability is a significant problem to be faced in economic development. Economic development needs to pay attention to the capacity of natural resources and the environment. If economic development pays attention to this, it will prevent development problems in the future (Hapsoro & Bangun, 2020). When viewed from a development perspective, a sustainable economy has two aspects strongly interrelated with other sustainable aspects. Macro-sustainable economy guarantees economic progress sustainably. It spurs the ability of the economy towards structural and national reforms. Macroeconomics has three fundamental aspects that support the sustainability of macroeconomics: economic capacity, sustainable economic prosperity, and increased equity in the distribution of prosperity.

METHODS

The type of research used in this study is a descriptive qualitative method. The method used is field observation; this study describes sustainable aspects in the Peunayong area. They are collecting data in this study by collecting published literature related to research discussions and findings in the field from direct observations. Field observation data was obtained directly from the research location, namely the Peunayong heritage area. Data collection was carried out from morning to noon with direct observation of the condition of the Peunayong Heritage area.

Figure 1. Map of the Peunayong area

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Location Description

Peunayong is one of the villages in Kuta Alam District, Banda Aceh. The Peunayong area includes the center of Banda Aceh City, which functions as a trade and service area. This area has an open space, one of the urban open space areas of Banda Aceh. To be able to access the Peunayong area, some roads can function as a link in the area, including Jalan Sri Ratu Safiatuddin, Jalan Jend. A. Yani, Jalan Khairil Anwar, and Jalan Sultan Hotel (Salsabila, 2019).

Peunayong is a Chinatown where most traders and residents in this area are ethnic Chinese (Mandasari, 2013). The 2009-2029 Banda Aceh RTRW also stipulates the Peunayong area as a heritage area or a cultural one because it has a historical value from the time of the Aceh sultanate. The city government takes action to preserve shop buildings by not changing or damaging the shape or design of the building according to the RTRW Number 4 of 2009-2029. The Peunayong area is also used as a tourist spot. This area has inns, culinary centers, souvenir centers, fishing tackle trades, and Acehnese souvenirs.

Figure 2. Photo of the Peunayong Area and Heritage Buildings

Sustainable Aspects in the Peunayong Heritage Area

RTRW Banda Aceh No. 4 of 2009-2029 mentions the response of the city government in preserving the sustainable development of the City and the use of the environment for a long time, namely:

a. Determine activities that have a negative impact and interfere with preserving the environment

b. Leading in the use of protected area space can be functioned without damaging the sustainability of City development for a long time.

The Peunayong area is included in one of the City's strategic areas and needs preservation. Following the Banda Aceh RTRW No. 4 of 2009-2029, article 68 describes strategic areas of the City, in which spatial planning in these areas is prioritized because they have a significant impact on economic, sociocultural, and environmental sustainability. The construction of a waterfront city to support the City's strategic area is mentioned in article 69 of the Banda Aceh RTRW No. 4 of 2009-2029. The Peunayong area, as a heritage area, is used as a tourist destination. The RTRW policy in the Peunayong area is following, which can affect the development process in the Peunayong area.

In 2018, he began to transform the Peunayong market area into a particular area for culinary tourism with the construction of the Peunayong Riverwalk culinary along the Krueng Aceh riverbank. This development fulfills efforts to support the City's strategic area in article 69 of the Banda Aceh RTRW No. 4 of 2009-2029. The construction of the Peunayong Riverwalk is culinary. It can also preserve the environment on the outskirts of the Krueng Aceh River. Previously the Krueng Aceh River was used as a residence for homeless people and turned the area into a riverside slum (Dalila et al., 2021). The construction of the waterfront city has been carried out, including pedestrian construction, installation of public street lighting (PJU), construction of shelters, and construction of shelters (Octavira, 2021).

After three years of developing the Riverwalk culinary, the author's field observations found that using the waterfront public space is not optimal and makes it abandoned and not maintained. Therefore, if the government does not immediately review the mistakes contained in the use of the waterfront city, it is feared that in the future, it will become environmental pollution with the presence of riverside slums. By not using the waterfront city, it will also not be able to support economic development in the Peunayong area, so the implementation of sustainable aspects in the Peunayong area will not be fulfilled.

Figure 3. Condition of the Peunayong Riverwalk

CONCLUSION

From the previous presentation, it can be concluded that Peunayong, which is designated as a heritage area, is also included in one of the City's strategic areas, which are prioritized for economic, socio-cultural, and environmental sustainability. The Banda Aceh City Government has implemented a strategy for environmental preservation, sustainability, and city development in the Banda Aceh RTRW No. 4 of 2009-2029. The preservation effort is by building a waterfront city

The government hopes that with the construction of a waterfront city built along Aceh's Krueng, it can become the center of the crowd and a tourist attraction to support sustainability in the Peunayong area. Waterfront cities are also expected to prevent environmental and river pollution and also be able to restore environmental quality caused by excessive use of natural resources.

The findings in the field after three years of construction are that the use of the waterfront city could be more optimal, so it is neglected and not maintained. It is feared that in the future, it will cause slums on the banks of the river. It is hoped that the city government will review the use of the waterfront city and take steps to form a public opinion for the use of the waterfront city and the management of the waterfront city so that the hope of developing a strategic city area for the sustainability of the Peunayong heritage area is fulfilled in terms of sustainable aspects.

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