Antioxidant
Capacity Test and Phenolic Test of Coriander Leaf Extract (Coriandrum sativum
L.) with DPPH Method
Raka
Yoga Pratama1*, Eny Yulianti2, Frans
Ferdinal3
Universitas
Tarumanagara Jakarta, Indonesia1,2,3
Email: raka.405210231@stu.untar.ac.id, frafrdl@tarumanagara.ac.id
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KEYWORDS |
ABSTRACT |
|
Coriander
Leaf, Cilantro, DPPH, Antioxidant Test, Phenolic Test |
Coriander leaves,
also known as cilantro, are part of the Coriandrum sativum L. plant that is
widely used in cuisines around the world and has potential as a medicinal
ingredient. It has a distinctive aroma and a fresh, slightly spicy, citrusy
flavor and is often used as an ingredient in cooking. The plant can be
recognized by its upright, hairless form and abundant branches. The leaves
vary from thick at the base of the plant to slender and hairy at the top of
the flowering stems. Coriander leaves have functions as health medicine,
among others, as a remedy for relieving digestive, respiratory, and urinary
tract problems. This study aims to evaluate the antioxidant and phenolic
activities of the methanol extract of coriander leaves. Coriander leaves were
extracted with methanol and tested for antioxidant activity using the DPPH
method. This study used two main
methods: in vitro and bioassay, to evaluate the samples. The in vitro method
consisted of an antioxidant capacity test. The antioxidant capacity assay
aims to measure the ability of the sample to neutralize free radicals. The
total phenolic assay is used as a method to measure antioxidant capacity, by
calculating the levels of phenolic compounds in the sample. The total
phenolic content of coriander leaf extract was found to be 726.0 μg/mL.
DPPH antioxidant capacity test obtained 132.12 μg/mL. |
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DOI: 10.58860/ijsh.v3i7.213 |
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Corresponding
Author: Raka Yoga Pratama1*
Email: raka.405210231@stu.untar.ac.id
INTRODUCTION
Reactive
Oxygen Species (ROS), especially hydroxyl and peroxyl radicals, hydrogen
peroxide, as well as superoxide radical anions, have long been known to cause
oxidative damage to fats, DNA, proteins, and other cellular components
One
of the plants that is widely cultivated in Indonesia and is often used as a
seasoning for cooking and medicinal ingredients is coriander. This plant
belongs to the Apiaceae family with the scientific name Coriandrum sativum L.
Coriander has long been used as a traditional medicine and has been applied in
various countries such as Africa, China, and India
The
aim of this research is to assess the antioxidant capacity and phenolic content
of coriander leaf extract using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl)
method. This study seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of coriander leaf
extract in neutralizing ROS and to understand its potential as a natural antioxidant
source. By determining the antioxidant capacity and phenolic content, the
research aims to contribute to the scientific understanding of coriander’s
health benefits and its potential applications in disease prevention and health
promotion.
METHODS
The
research was conducted in January–April 2024 at the Laboratory of the
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, located at the Faculty of
Medicine, Tarumanagara University. This research was carried out using bioassay
and in vitro methods. In vitro testing includes DPPH. The sample used in this
study was coriander leaf extract (Coriandrum sativum L.) Coriander plants are
obtained from the city of Tangerang. In this study, coriander leaves were dried
for 3-5 days without being exposed to sunlight. After drying,
it is smoothed so that it becomes simplisia. After that, simplicia is
extracted by maceration and percolation methods so that coriander leaf extract
is obtained. The results obtained will be evaporated using a rotary evaporator
until the methanol solution separates from the simplicia and becomes thicker.
RESULTS and
DISCUSSION
Extract
Phenolic Content Test
The
total phenolic concentration is expressed in the form of mg gallic acid
equivalents per gram of dry weight (mg GAE/g DW) so that mg GAE/g DW is
obtained by the following formula:
Table
1.
Absorbance
and Total Phenolic Levels of Coriander Leaf Extract
|
Coriander Leaf Extract |
Average Absorbance |
Phenolic Content (μg/mL) |
Total Phenolic Content (2x) (μg/mL) |
Phenolic Content (mgGEA/gr) |
|
1 |
0,332 |
363,0 |
726,0 |
24,197 |
DPPH Method
Total Antioxidant Capacity Test
The
linear line equation obtained is Y = 0.3604X + 2.381 with R2 = 0.9666. Using
the linear line equation that has been obtained, the IC50 value of coriander
extract was obtained as 132.12 μg/mL.
Table
2.
Concentration,
Inhibition Percentage, and IC50 Value of Coriander Leaf Extract
|
Extract
Concentration (μg/mL) |
Average
Absorbance (516 nm) |
Percent
Inhibition |
IC50 |
|
50 |
0,43 |
20,69 |
|
|
100 |
0,35 |
34,98 |
|
|
150 |
0,20 |
62,45 |
132,12 |
|
200 |
0,06 |
71,61 |
|
(Figure
1.)
Phenolic
Extract Levels
The
total phenolic content in coriander extract is relatively high, with a value of
24.197 mg GAE/g DW. This result is in line with the research of Nasution, et al.
which obtained a value of 30.7049 mg GAE/g.4 Based on the classification of
Vasco, et al., the phenolic levels belong to the "high" category
(>5 mg GAE/g), indicating strong antioxidant activity potential.5
Antioxidant
Capacity Test DPPH Method
This
study tested the antioxidant ability of cilantro leaves in inhibiting DPPH free
radicals, compared to Trolox. The results showed that coriander had moderate
antioxidant activity, with an IC50 value of 132.12 μg/mL.
Compared
to Trolox, cilantro has weaker antioxidant activity. Trolox has an IC50 value
of 27,859 μg/mL, which is categorized as a powerful antioxidant.
The
results of this study show that coriander leaves have the potential to be a
source of antioxidants. This is in line with the research of Tansos E, et al.
who found that the IC50 value of coriander extract was 91.2287 μg/mL,
which is categorized as a powerful antioxidant.
CONCLUSION
This
study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant capacity and phenolic content of
coriander leaf extract (Coriandrum sativum L.) using the DPPH method. The
results indicate that coriander leaf extract possesses a significant phenolic
content of 24.197 mg GAE/g DW, which is considered high and suggests strong
antioxidant potential. The antioxidant capacity, measured using the DPPH
method, yielded an IC50 value of 132.12 μg/mL, demonstrating that the
extract has moderate antioxidant activity.
While
coriander leaf extract shows promise as a natural antioxidant source, its
antioxidant activity is weaker compared to Trolox, a well-known antioxidant,
which has an IC50 value of 27.859 μg/mL. However, the phenolic content and
antioxidant activity of coriander leaf extract are consistent with findings
from other studies, underscoring its potential for use in disease prevention
and health promotion. The high phenolic content and moderate antioxidant
capacity highlight coriander leaves as a valuable source of antioxidants,
though further research and comparison with other antioxidants are warranted to
fully establish its efficacy and potential applications.
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© 2024 by the authors.
It was submitted for possible open-access publication under the terms and
conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY SA) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). |