COMMUNICATION OF PROPHET MUHAMMAD SAW AND THE MUSRIKS
Nurhalima Tambunan1, Dinda Chairunisa Asri2, Ayu
Wulandasari S3
Universitas Pembangunan Panca Budi, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
nurhalima@dosen.pancabudi.ac1, dindachairunisaaa@gmail.com2, ayuw2608@gmail.com3
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KEYWORDS |
ABSTRACT |
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communication,
muhammad, musriks. |
This
study aims to determine the communication of the Prophet Muhammad's preaching
to polytheists. The results of this research show how the communication and
indictments of Rasulullah SAW to polytheists include patience, gentleness,
correspondence methods, patience, gentleness, convenience, bringing good
news, and praying. The type of research used in this paper is library
research which relies on bibliographies of scientific articles and books. The
results of this study indicate that the communication method of the Prophet
Muhammad's da'wah to polytheists was able to melt and conquer polytheists,
the way Rasulullah SAW communicated through da'wah with the correct method,
and was able to make Islam victorious. Rasulullah SAW communicated with his
da'wah by correspondence in various ways Rasulullah SAW did to provide an
understanding of Islam. The communication of the Prophet's da'wah to the
polytheists went through a long process, but the Prophet's communication of
da'wah was able to conquer the polytheists. Rasulullah SAW always
communicates well, is easy to accept and understand, does not offend, and can
be understood by reason and can be understood and can cool the heart. |
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DOI: |
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Corresponding Author: Nurhalima Tambunan
Email: nurhalima@dosen.pancabudi.ac
INTRODUCTION
The Prophet
Muhammad SAW is Allah's messenger to mankind. He is the last Prophet sent by
Allah to all humans so that they worship Allah alone and not associate partners
with Him (Huda, 2016). He was born
in the city of Makkah on Monday, the 12th of Rabiul Awwal; his father died
before he was born and was buried in Medina, and then his mother raised him. He
was breastfed by Tsumaibah Al-Ashmiyah. At the age of 6, his mother died, and
he was raised by Umm Aiman and was borne by his grandfather; when he was 8 years
old, his grandfather died and was borne by his uncle Abu Talib when he was 9
years old. He and his uncle went to Syria at the age of 25. Rasulullah SAW went
with Siti Khadijah. When she was 35 years old, she united with the Quraysh in
building the Kaaba. She decided to lay A-Hajarul Aswad (Hervianti et al., nd). When he was
40 years old, Allah sent the angel Gabriel to convey the revelation to the
Prophet; on the 17th of Ramadan in 611 AD, the first
verse was revealed in the cave of Hira; the verse was conveyed through the
intermediary of the angel Gabriel by Allah SWT, the verse was QS. Al-Alaq: 1-5.
Allah has commanded the Prophet to preach (Fodhil & Rhomadhoni, 2022).
Furthermore, for 3 years, the Prophet Muhammad SAW preached secretly. Then the
da'wah was carried out openly orally, such as giving advice, warnings and so
on, as QS. Al-Hijr verse 94: Meaning: "So convey (Muhammad) openly
everything that is commanded (to you) and turn away from the polytheists."
In this
period, the Prophet struggled with a considerable challenge, namely, where
there was blatant rejection by Quraysh infidels. They refused by obstructing
the Messenger of Allah in various ways, such as using violence, ridicule,
insults, and boycotts to torture and killing of the followers of the Prophet
from among the enslaved people. This was done to hinder the preaching of the
Prophet Sallallahu alaihi wasallam.
The Messenger
of Allah preached for 13 years in Mecca, with many obstacles and struggles, due
to the rejection of the Prophet's preaching by polytheists / Quraysh infidels.
However, the Prophet remained patient in carrying out da'wah. So it came to the year 8 H, the Prophet Muhammad SAW managed
to bring Islam victorious, and people flocked to convert to Islam. The success
was due to the Prophet's struggle and the Prophet's patience, as well as the
methods and methods of the Prophet's da'wah, which were carried out right on
target (McCutcheon, 2013).
The
communication relationship between da'wah in terms of the two cannot be
separated; the purpose of communication is the participation of the
communication on the ideas or messages conveyed; there is a change in attitude
and behaviour that is expected, whereas, in da'wah, a preacher becomes the communicator.
In contrast, the communicator is made (Batyrzhan et al., 2014).
Communication is a means of da'wah for someone to convey religious messages
using verbal and non-verbal symbols. The verbal symbols referred to include:
speech and writing that are commonly understood, while nonverbal in the world
of da'wah refers to movement, facial expressions, clothing, actions or
behaviour and environmental situations, something meaningful other than
linguistic mechanisms (Tahir et al., 2020). So this
nonverbal symbol of da'wah can mean that all Muslims can carry out da'wah with
various professions (Atabik, 2014). Based on
the above background, the purpose of thisresearch is to find out and analyze
how to communicate and how to communicate the Prophet's proselytizing.
METHOD
The type of research used in this paper is
library research which relies on bibliographies of scientific articles and
books—then integrated into research substance or content analysis (content
analysis). In this library method, the researcher does not go into the field to
collect data but uses library materials such as books, articles and other
written materials related to the research object. The type of research data
used in this study is qualitative; the data is explained in the form of a
narrative or description, not in the form of numbers that can be tested using
static procedures.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
In preaching,
the Prophet used many methods; from the explanation above, there are also other
methods used by the Prophet, as stated in the authentic Muslim hadith, namely,
the correspondence method, the patient method, the gentle method, the easy
giving method, the suitable news method and the prayer method (Prasetyo,
2019). In the implementation of
his da'wah, the Prophet carried out all elements of da'wah communication very
precisely. The quality of the communicator can be seen in his struggle and
integrity, who has a patient and gentle nature. In the element of da'wah messages,
he uses materials with a priority scale and gives good news. As for the media,
not just verbally, the Messenger of Allah used the media of letters to reach
wider da'wah. The condition of da'wah communicants, commonly called men, were
treated very well by him, like giving them gifts (Prasetyo,
2019). For feedback, he uses
the clarification method to avoid miscommunication. After preaching secretly
for 3 years, in the fourth year, the Messenger of Allah received a revelation
to preach openly in Mecca for ten years (Nurasykim,
2019). This was not spared from
rejection and threats of blatant violence; even Abu Jahal, the Prophet's uncle,
strongly rejected the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad, and the preaching of
the Prophet Muhammad in Mecca for thirteen years was full of obstacles.
1. Communication of the
Prophet's da'wah with correspondence, as the Prophet sent a letter to the Roman
king, namely Heraclius, the contents of which provided outpourings, advice and
inviting and providing an understanding of Islam and about the true God.
2. Then there is patience; in
the da'wah communication, the Prophet is full of patience with conditions full
of obstacles, rejection, insults, and even hurting the Prophet. However, with
patience and gentleness, the Prophet made Islam victorious.
3. It is easy to give; the
Prophet is known as a kind person who likes to give, especially during the
month of Ramadan, even though the Prophet is not a person who has much wealth,
just as the Prophet gave a gift to a convert, as the attention of the Prophet
to someone who had just converted to Islam (Pamungkas,
2023).
4. Good news, giving good
news is a da'wah communication as the following hadith says: "From Abu
Musa said: is the Messenger of Allah. When sending a messenger one of his
friends in various matters said / advised: give good news and don't make people run away, and make it easy and don't
trouble you mad'u ". (HR. Muslim) (Ridwan
& Sari, 2021) .
5. Pray, the Messenger of
Allah, always repays people who hurt him with good prayers; he prays for them
to get guidance and wants them to convert to Islam.
Behind all
this, the Prophet experienced many difficulties; the Quraysh infidels firmly
rejected the preaching of the Prophet; they rejected the teachings of Islam as
a feeling of arrogance and pride following the greatness of Allah SWT and His
Messenger. Therefore they took an optional attitude and opposed His teachings (Ummiyah,
2022). The rejections made by
most of the Quraysh figures started from accusing the Prophet of being mad and
other accusations, intimidating his followers, to carrying out various propaganda
to stop the preaching of the Prophet Muhammad. The reasons and reasons why the
Quraysh rejected Islamic teachings, namely: fear of losing power, reluctance to
lose social status, and fear of losing their livelihood, Taklid to the
ancestors of the Quraysh had fully adhered to all the customs, beliefs and
religions inherited from their ancestors (Indina
Harbani, 2021).
The Prophet's
communication with polytheists was able to conquer their hearts because the
Prophet spoke very gently and meaningfully. The Prophet communicated according
to culture and the level of understanding of the people he was dealing with.
The language or way of preaching the Prophet SAW, is guided by the
characteristics of the people he preaches as can be understood through his
hadith, which reads: "Khaatibunnaasa 'ala qadri 'uvulitis."
communicate with humans according to the ability of his mind.
The success of
preaching the Prophet Muhammad SAW was primarily determined by his ability to
understand the circumstances of each individual or community to be preached to (Munir,
2021). The Prophet Muhammad
SAW, understood in a real sense about human nature that likes, likes to
communicate that is framed by strings of words that are inlaid like pearls,
beautiful to the eye and pleasing to the ear and conveyed with intonation, the
voice of town, is gentle, firm and uncompromising towards wrong actions, are
not excellent and contradictory and deny the essence of humanity which tends to
truth (Harmonis,
2015).
He showed it
in the form of deeds, which means that in carrying out his da'wah, Rasulullah
SAW constantly communicated well, was easy to accept and understand, did not offend and could be understood by reason and was able to
cool the heart. In this case, the Messenger of Allah communicated with the
polytheists flawlessly so that the Prophet became Uswatun Hasanah of noble
behaviour and a role model for mankind. The way the Messenger of Allah
communicates can be an example in everyday life; how we communicate now is very
different from how the Messenger of Allah communicated; now, the way we speak
and communicate is not good. Sometimes it is unpleasant to hear, and we often
make fun of it, even in communication. Ridiculed and said harshly so that it
hurt. Even when talking to people of different religions, we often debate
without tolerance, insulting or ridiculing each other (Budiantoro,
2017). We should instil it for
ourselves as the Prophet has done and exemplified (Harahap
& Sos, 2020).
CONCLUSION
The way
Rasulullah SAW communicated was framed by strings of words that were inlaid
like pearls, beautiful to the eye and pleasing to the ear and conveyed with
intonation, the voice of town, which were gentle, firm and did not compromise
on actions that were wrong, bad and contradictory and
deny the nature of humanity which tends to the truth. He showed it in the form
of deeds, which means that in carrying out his da'wah, Rasulullah SAW
constantly communicated well, was easy to accept and understand, did not offend,
and could be understood by reason and was able to cool the heart. In this case,
the Messenger of Allah communicated with the polytheists flawlessly so that the
Prophet became Uswatun Hasanah of noble behaviour and a role model for mankind.
The communication of the Prophet's da'wah to the polytheists went through a
long process over a long period. However, the Prophet's communication was able
to conquer the polytheists. In the Sahih Muslim hadith, the Prophet preached
using methods such as correspondence, the patient method, the gentle method,
the easy giving method, the suitable news method, and the prayer method.
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