In Vitro Analysis of Methanol Extract of Areca Nut (Areca Catechu) on the Inhibitory Potential of Streptococcus Mutans
Main Article Content
Caries is an infectious disease caused by Streptococcus mutans that breaks down tooth tissue by forming a structure known as dental plaque. The aims are to determine the effects of betel nut palm (Areca catechu) methanol extract on the growth of Streptococcus mutans and to identify the most effective concentration of the extract in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus mutans. The research used a randomized complete design with 7 treatments involved. The concentrations of betel nut palm methanol extract were 100%, 75%, 50%, 25%, and 5%; the positive control was amoxicillin, and the negative control was aqua. There were 5 replications for each treatment. This research used the disc diffusion method. The obtained data were analyzed statistically with one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey test. Based on the ANOVA test, a significant difference was found (p<0.05) among the treatments of extract concentrations and controls. The analysis of the Tukey test shows that there are significant differences (p<0.05) among some treatments. Thus, the conclusion is that betel nut palm (Areca catechu) methanol extract has the ability to inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans.
Keywords:
Areca catechu, betel nut palm methanol extract, Streptococcus mutans
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Hickl, J., Argyropoulou, A., Al-Ahmad, A., Hellwig, E., Skaltsounis, A. L., Wittmer, A., Vach, K., & Karygianni, L. (2024). Unleashing nature's defense: Potent antimicrobial power of plant extracts against oral pathogens and Streptococcus mutans biofilms. Frontiers in Oral Health, 5, 1469174. https://doi.org/10.3389/froh.2024.1469174
Jain, I., Jain, P., Bisht, D., Sharma, A., Srivastava, B., & Gupta, N. (2015). Use of traditional Indian plants in the inhibition of caries-causing bacteria—Streptococcus mutans. Brazilian Dental Journal, 26(2), 110-115. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201302188
Kashi, K., Ranjbar, M., Sabouri, S., Shabani, M., & Darbandi, S. (2025). Natural compounds: New therapeutic approach for inhibition of Streptococcus mutans and dental caries. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 16, 1548117. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2025.1548117
Liu, P. F., & Chang, Y. F. (2023). The controversial roles of areca nut: Medicine or toxin? International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(10), 8996. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24108996
Liu, S., Zhang, T., Li, Z., Wang, Y., Liu, L., & Song, Z. (2023). Antibacterial mechanism of areca nut essential oils against Streptococcus mutans by targeting the biofilm and the cell membrane. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 13, 1140689. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2023.1140689
Pallavi, P., Sahoo, P. P., Sen, S. K., & Raut, S. (2024). Comparative evaluation of anti-biofilm and anti-adherence potential of plant extracts against Streptococcus mutans: A therapeutic approach for oral health. Microbial Pathogenesis, 188, 106514. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106514
Raji, P., Samrot, A. V., Keerthana, D., & Karishma, S. (2019). Antibacterial activity of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and tannins mediated green synthesised silver nanoparticles against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. Journal of Cluster Science, 30, 881-895. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10876-019-01547-2
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Shie, D. (2014). Uji aktivitas antibakteri infusa biji pinang (Areca catechu Lin.) terhadap Streptococcus mutans. Jurnal Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Untan, 1(1).
Singh, A., Purohit, B., Tandon, S., Singh, N., & Saha, S. (2017). Antibacterial effects of natural herbal extracts on Streptococcus mutans: Can they be potential additives in dentifrices? International Journal of Dentistry, 2017, 3046263. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/3046263
Tong, T., Xu, A., Tan, S., Jiang, H., Liu, L., Deng, S., & Wang, H. (2024). Biological effects and biomedical applications of areca nut and its extract. Pharmaceuticals, 17(2), 228. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17020228
Tzimas, K., Antoniadou, M., Varzakas, T., & Voidarou, C. C. (2024). Plant-derived compounds: A promising tool for dental caries prevention. Current Issues in Molecular Biology, 46(6), 5257-5290. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb46060315
Vuki?, M., Vukovic, N., ?eli?, G., Kacaniova, M., ?e?evi?, D., Popovi?, S., & Bozovic, M. (2022). Therapeutic potential of flavonoids and tannins in management of oral infectious diseases—A review. Antibiotics, 11(12), 1739. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11121739
