Phenomenological Method as A Theoretical Basis of Qualitative Methods
Main Article Content
This paper discusses the phenomenological method as a theoretical basis for qualitative research. Phenomenology, which originates from the philosophical tradition, emphasizes the importance of understanding individual subjective experiences of a particular phenomenon or event. Through this approach, researchers can deepen and understand individual meanings, perceptions, and interpretations of the reality they experience. This paper explains the basic concepts of phenomenology, contributions from leading philosophers such as Edmund Husserl, Martin Heidegger, and Jean-Paul Sartre, and how phenomenological principles are applied in qualitative research. Apart from that, this paper also reviews the advantages and disadvantages of the phenomenological method in the context of qualitative research and provides examples of its practical application in various fields of study. It is hoped that through this paper, readers can gain a deep understanding of the relevance and significance of phenomenology in qualitative research.
Keywords:
Phenomenology, Qualitative Research, Subjective Experience
Abbas, A., Marhamah, M., & Rifa’i, A. (2021). The Building of Character Nation Based on Islamic Religion Education in School. Journal of Social Science, 2(2), 107–116.
Amadi, A. (2023). Integration in a mixed-method case study of construction phenomena: From data to theory. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 30(1), 210–237.
Andrade, A. D., Techatassanasoontorn, A. A., & Singh, H. (2023). Understanding the digital experience: phenomenological IS research. In Handbook of Qualitative Research Methods for Information Systems (pp. 88–103). Edward Elgar Publishing.
Berger, A. A. (2018). Media and communication research methods: An introduction to qualitative and quantitative approaches. Sage Publications.
Casino, F., Dasaklis, T. K., & Patsakis, C. (2019). A systematic literature review of blockchain-based applications: Current status, classification and open issues. Telematics and Informatics, 36, 55–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2018.11.006
Chan, N. N., Walker, C., & Gleaves, A. (2015). An exploration of students’ lived experiences of using smartphones in diverse learning contexts using a hermeneutic phenomenological approach. Computers & Education, 82, 96–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2014.11.001
Creswell, J. W. (2019a). Research design: Pendekatan metode kualitatif, kuantitatif dan campuran.
Creswell, J. W. (2019b). Research design: Pendekatan metode kualitatif, kuantitatif dan campuran.
Cuthbertson, L. M., Robb, Y. A., & Blair, S. (2020). Theory and application of research principles and philosophical underpinning for a study utilising interpretative phenomenological analysis. Radiography, 26(2), e94–e102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radi.2019.11.092
Daher, M., Olivares, H., Carré, D., Jaramillo, A., & Tomicic, A. (2017). Experience and meaning in qualitative research: A conceptual review and a methodological device proposal. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung/Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 18(3), 24.
Drew, K. T. (2020). Exploring the Essence of Counselors Facilitating Hope in Session: A Qualitative Transcendental Phenomenological Approach. University of Wyoming.
Gallagher, S., & Zahavi, D. (2020). The phenomenological mind. Routledge.
Hiller, J. (2016). Epistemological foundations of objectivist and interpretivist research.
Iqbal, M., Sari, L. M., Asmul, A., & Marbun, R. (2023). Peran Tata Usaha Dalam Pengelolaan Arsip Sekolah di Sekolah SMP Swasta Al-Jihad Medan. Madani: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin, 1(4).
Johnston, C. M., Wallis, M., Oprescu, F. I., & Gray, M. (2017). Methodological considerations related to nurse researchers using their own experience of a phenomenon within phenomenology. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 73(3), 574–584.
Jylkkä, J., & Railo, H. (2019). Consciousness as a concrete physical phenomenon. Consciousness and Cognition, 74, 102779. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2019.102779
Kite, M. E., Whitley Jr, B. E., & Wagner, L. S. (2022). Psychology of prejudice and discrimination. Routledge.
Lehrer, K. (2018). Theory of knowledge. Routledge.
Makri, C., & Neely, A. (2021). Grounded theory: A guide for exploratory studies in management research. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 20, 16094069211013654.
Neubauer, B. E., Witkop, C. T., & Varpio, L. (2019a). How phenomenology can help us learn from the experiences of others. Perspectives on Medical Education, 8, 90–97.
Neubauer, B. E., Witkop, C. T., & Varpio, L. (2019b). How phenomenology can help us learn from the experiences of others. Perspectives on Medical Education, 8, 90–97.
Phillips, B. A., Conners, F., & Curtner-Smith, M. E. (2017). Parenting children with down syndrome: An analysis of parenting styles, parenting dimensions, and parental stress. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 68, 9–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2017.06.010
Sidiq, U., Choiri, M., & Mujahidin, A. (2019). Metode penelitian kualitatif di bidang pendidikan. Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling, 53(9), 1–228.
Taherdoost, H. (2021). Data collection methods and tools for research; a step-by-step guide to choose data collection technique for academic and business research projects. International Journal of Academic Research in Management (IJARM), 10(1), 10–38.
White, R. E., & Cooper, K. (2022). Qualitative Research in the Post-Modern Era. Switzerland: Springer Cham.
Williams, H. (2021). The meaning of “Phenomenology”: Qualitative and philosophical phenomenological research methods. The Qualitative Report, 26(2), 366–385.
Amadi, A. (2023). Integration in a mixed-method case study of construction phenomena: From data to theory. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 30(1), 210–237.
Andrade, A. D., Techatassanasoontorn, A. A., & Singh, H. (2023). Understanding the digital experience: phenomenological IS research. In Handbook of Qualitative Research Methods for Information Systems (pp. 88–103). Edward Elgar Publishing.
Berger, A. A. (2018). Media and communication research methods: An introduction to qualitative and quantitative approaches. Sage Publications.
Casino, F., Dasaklis, T. K., & Patsakis, C. (2019). A systematic literature review of blockchain-based applications: Current status, classification and open issues. Telematics and Informatics, 36, 55–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2018.11.006
Chan, N. N., Walker, C., & Gleaves, A. (2015). An exploration of students’ lived experiences of using smartphones in diverse learning contexts using a hermeneutic phenomenological approach. Computers & Education, 82, 96–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2014.11.001
Creswell, J. W. (2019a). Research design: Pendekatan metode kualitatif, kuantitatif dan campuran.
Creswell, J. W. (2019b). Research design: Pendekatan metode kualitatif, kuantitatif dan campuran.
Cuthbertson, L. M., Robb, Y. A., & Blair, S. (2020). Theory and application of research principles and philosophical underpinning for a study utilising interpretative phenomenological analysis. Radiography, 26(2), e94–e102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radi.2019.11.092
Daher, M., Olivares, H., Carré, D., Jaramillo, A., & Tomicic, A. (2017). Experience and meaning in qualitative research: A conceptual review and a methodological device proposal. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung/Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 18(3), 24.
Drew, K. T. (2020). Exploring the Essence of Counselors Facilitating Hope in Session: A Qualitative Transcendental Phenomenological Approach. University of Wyoming.
Gallagher, S., & Zahavi, D. (2020). The phenomenological mind. Routledge.
Hiller, J. (2016). Epistemological foundations of objectivist and interpretivist research.
Iqbal, M., Sari, L. M., Asmul, A., & Marbun, R. (2023). Peran Tata Usaha Dalam Pengelolaan Arsip Sekolah di Sekolah SMP Swasta Al-Jihad Medan. Madani: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin, 1(4).
Johnston, C. M., Wallis, M., Oprescu, F. I., & Gray, M. (2017). Methodological considerations related to nurse researchers using their own experience of a phenomenon within phenomenology. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 73(3), 574–584.
Jylkkä, J., & Railo, H. (2019). Consciousness as a concrete physical phenomenon. Consciousness and Cognition, 74, 102779. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2019.102779
Kite, M. E., Whitley Jr, B. E., & Wagner, L. S. (2022). Psychology of prejudice and discrimination. Routledge.
Lehrer, K. (2018). Theory of knowledge. Routledge.
Makri, C., & Neely, A. (2021). Grounded theory: A guide for exploratory studies in management research. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 20, 16094069211013654.
Neubauer, B. E., Witkop, C. T., & Varpio, L. (2019a). How phenomenology can help us learn from the experiences of others. Perspectives on Medical Education, 8, 90–97.
Neubauer, B. E., Witkop, C. T., & Varpio, L. (2019b). How phenomenology can help us learn from the experiences of others. Perspectives on Medical Education, 8, 90–97.
Phillips, B. A., Conners, F., & Curtner-Smith, M. E. (2017). Parenting children with down syndrome: An analysis of parenting styles, parenting dimensions, and parental stress. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 68, 9–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2017.06.010
Sidiq, U., Choiri, M., & Mujahidin, A. (2019). Metode penelitian kualitatif di bidang pendidikan. Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling, 53(9), 1–228.
Taherdoost, H. (2021). Data collection methods and tools for research; a step-by-step guide to choose data collection technique for academic and business research projects. International Journal of Academic Research in Management (IJARM), 10(1), 10–38.
White, R. E., & Cooper, K. (2022). Qualitative Research in the Post-Modern Era. Switzerland: Springer Cham.
Williams, H. (2021). The meaning of “Phenomenology”: Qualitative and philosophical phenomenological research methods. The Qualitative Report, 26(2), 366–385.
