Adhayani Lubis1, Angel CP
Pangaribuan2*, Ira Aini Dania3, Ana Fresia4
1,2,4Universitas Prima Indonesia, Medan, Indonesia
3Universitas
Islam Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
Email: adhayani70@gmail.com, angelpangaribuan79@gmail.com,
iraaini27@gmail.com, ana_fr86@yahoo.com
KEYWORDS |
ABSTRACT |
Anxiety, clinical
clerkship students, Diet |
Medical students often experience higher levels of
stress compared to students in other faculties. They have high expectations
from family and society towards them, which is one of the causes of this
stress. They also need to understand actual medical practice and read many
books every day. So, the researcher conducted a cross-sectional analytic
observational approach with 64 respondents, which aimed to understand the
relationship between anxiety and diet in clinical clerkship students at
UNPRI. This research study will investigate the relationship between diet and
anxiety disorders in clinical clerkship students at UNPRI. The main anxiety
disorder is General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7). This study is an analytic
observational study with a cross-sectional approach. This result is relevant
considering the majority of respondents, 53.1%, were in the mild anxiety
category, while 40.6% had moderate anxiety, and 6.3% suffered from severe
anxiety. The dietary patterns to be studied are the frequency of food
consumed and the method to record the regulated meals. From the study, it was
found that there was a significant relationship between anxiety and diet
found through bivariate analysis with the Spearman correlation test. The
correlation coefficient (r) was 0.681, and the significance value (p) was
0.000. This indicates a positive correlation where higher anxiety is
associated with greater disordered eating. |
DOI: 10.58860/ijsh.v3i11.269 |
|
Corresponding Author: Angel CP Pangaribuan*
Email: angelpangaribuan79@gmail.com
INTRODUCTION
A person's
diet is crucial to their physical and mental health. A poor diet can lead to
health problems such as obesity, heart disease, and diabetes, as well as mental
disorders such as depression and anxiety
When compared
to students in other faculties, medical students often experience higher levels
of stress
Anxiety is an
emotional state characterized by feelings of worry, anxiety, fear, and unease
and is often accompanied by certain physical symptoms
Various
factors, such as eating habits, physical activity levels, and sleep duration,
can affect a person's nutritional status. Diet can be defined as how often, how
much, and the type of food a person consumes over a period of time
Based on the
above background, the purpose of this study is to understand and analyze how
diet and anxiety levels in clinical clerkship students at Prima Indonesia
University relate to each other
METHOD
This study is
an analytic observational research with a
cross-sectional approach, aiming to examine the relationship between anxiety
and diet in clinical clerkship students at UNPRI. The research will be
conducted at Royal Prima Hospital from April to June.
The
population of this study consists of 156 clinical clerkship students at UNPRI.
The sample for this study will be selected using a stratified random sampling
technique, focusing on students who are currently undergoing their clinical
clerkships. Data will be collected through a questionnaire designed to assess
the relationship between anxiety and diet among clinical clerkship students at
UNPRI. This study will adopt a correlational research design to explore the
relationship between anxiety and diet. The criteria for inclusion are clinical
clerkship students at UNPRI during the study period.
Bivariate
analysis will be performed using the Pearson correlation test if the data is
normally distributed. If the data is not normally distributed, the Spearman
rank correlation test will be used. A p-value <0.05 will indicate a
significant relationship, leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis,
which suggests a significant association between anxiety and diet.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Normality Test
Table 1. Normality Test
Table
Tests of Normality |
||||||
|
Kolmogorov-Smirnova |
Shapiro-Wilk |
|
|||
|
Statistic |
df |
Sig. |
Statistic |
df |
Sig. |
Eating Patterns |
.077 |
64 |
.200* |
.983 |
64 |
.502 |
Anxiety |
.337 |
64 |
.000 |
.726 |
64 |
.000 |
Based on the normality test, it is found that :
a. Diet
has a significance of 0.200 (Kolmogorov-Smirnov) and 0.502 (Shapiro-Wilk),
which means the diet data is normally distributed.
b. Anxiety
has a significance of 0.000, both in Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk, which
indicates that the anxiety data is not normally distributed.
Since there is
non-normally distributed data, the Spearman test will be conducted to determine
the correlation value.
Univariate Analysis
Distribution
of respondent characteristics (n=100) through frequency and percentage.
Table 2. Univariate
Characteristics |
F |
% |
Gender: |
|
|
Men |
13 |
20.3 |
Female |
51 |
79.7 |
Age: |
|
|
≤
23 |
55 |
85.9 |
≥
24 |
9 |
14.1 |
Force: |
|
|
2019 |
22 |
34.4 |
2020 |
42 |
65.6 |
Based on
descriptive analysis involving age, gender, and generation of the 64
respondents, the mean age was 22.47 years, with an age range between 21 and 28
years and a standard deviation of 1.37. Most of the respondents were female
(79.7%), with 20.3% being male. In terms of the batch, 34.4% of respondents
were from the class of 2019, and 65.6% were from the class of 2020.
Bivariate Analysis
Table 3. Descriptive
Analysis of Anxiety
|
Frequency |
Per
cent |
Valid
Percent |
Lightweight |
34 |
53.1 |
53.1 |
Medium |
26 |
40.6 |
40.6 |
Weight |
4 |
6.3 |
6.3 |
Total |
64 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
The majority
of participants, 53.1%, experienced mild anxiety, followed by moderate anxiety,
40.6%, and severe anxiety, 6.3% each. These results indicate that most clinical
clerkship students experience mild to moderate levels of anxiety.
Table 4. Spearman's
Bivariate Analysis
Variables |
SD |
Mean |
r |
p |
Diet |
3.42 |
13.87 |
0.68 |
<
0.001 |
Anxiety |
0.61 |
1.53 |
0.68 |
<
0.001 |
The level of
anxiety (anxiety) of clinical clerkship students has an average (mean) value of
1.53 and a standard deviation (SD) of 0.62. The diet level has a mean value of
13.88 and a standard deviation of 3.43, according to descriptive analysis and
Spearman correlation test. With a Spearman correlation coefficient (r) of 0.681
and a significance value (p) of 0.000 (p < 0.01), bivariate analysis showed
a significant relationship between anxiety level and diet. These findings
suggest that higher anxiety correlates with greater disordered eating; this
relationship is considered strong and positive.
Table 5. Crosstabulation
of Anxiety with Gender
|
|
Anxiety |
|
|
|
|
Lightweight |
Medium |
Weight |
Gender |
Female |
24 |
24 |
3 |
|
Men |
10 |
2 |
1 |
Of the 64
respondents, the majority of women (51 people) experienced anxiety in the
following levels: 24 people (47.1%) experienced mild anxiety, 24 people (47.1%)
experienced moderate anxiety, and 3 people (5.9%) experienced severe anxiety.
On the other hand, out of 13 male respondents, 10 people (76.9%) experienced
mild anxiety, 2 people (15.4%) experienced moderate anxiety, and 1 person
(7.7%) experienced severe anxiety. This result shows that although the majority
of female and male respondents were in the mild anxiety category, there were
more women with moderate anxiety than men.
This study
revealed a significant relationship between the level of anxiety and diet in
clinical clerkship students of Universitas Prima Indonesia (UNPRI). Using the cross-sectional
analytical observational method and Spearman's bivariate analysis, this study
recorded a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.681, indicating a strong positive
relationship between anxiety and diet
This result is
relevant given that the majority of respondents, 53.1%, were in the mild
anxiety category, while 40.6% had moderate anxiety, and 6.3% suffered from
severe anxiety. Meanwhile, most of the respondents were women (79.7%), who
statistically had a higher tendency to experience moderate anxiety than men.
The mental
health of medical students is a global issue that continues to attract
attention due to its impact on their ability to undergo medical education and
practice
Causes of Problems
Anxiety
in medical students can be influenced by various factors, including:
a. Academic Pressures: Medical students are required to understand complex
material, undergo high-pressure exams, and face demanding clinical environments
b. Social Expectations: Pressure from family and society can create
additional anxiety that affects emotional stability
c. Unbalanced Lifestyle: Irregular diet, frequent consumption of fast food,
and lack of sleep affect physical and mental health status
Problem
Solution
To
address this issue, some steps that can be taken include:
a.
Stress Management Education:
Students can be taught stress management techniques, such as progressive muscle
relaxation or mindfulness exercises, which have been shown to effectively
reduce anxiety
b.
Nutrition Assistance:
Providing nutrition consultation to help students maintain a balanced diet,
including avoiding fast food that worsens mental health conditions.
c.
Psychosocial Support:
Educational institutions can provide counselling services and support groups to
help students deal with academic and social pressures.
d.
Improved Academic Policies:
More humanized study load arrangements and provision of adequate break time can
reduce students' anxiety levels.
Impact if Solution is Implemented
The
implementation of this solution can have a significant positive impact,
including:
a.
Improved Mental Health: With
better stress management, college students can reduce symptoms of anxiety that
impact diet.
b.
Nutritional Balance: A regular
and balanced diet can improve cognitive and physical function, helping students
cope with academic demands.
c.
Academic Productivity:
Students who are physically and mentally healthier tend to be more productive
and able to achieve better academic results.
The
results of this study are in line with the findings of Firdausy et al.
This
study showed a strong association between anxiety and diet in medical students.
The findings emphasize the need for a holistic approach in addressing student
health, including strategies to manage anxiety and improve their diet
CONCLUSION
Descriptive
analysis showed that the majority of respondents were female (79.7%), with an
average age of 22.47 years. Most of the respondents were from the class of 2020
(65.6%). In terms of anxiety, 53.1% of respondents considered it mild, 40.6%
considered it moderate, and 6.3% considered it severe. It was shown that the
respondents' diets were very different, with a mean of 13.88 and a standard
deviation of 3.43. With a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.681 and a
significance value (p) of 0.000, bivariate analysis with the Spearman
correlation test showed a significant relationship between anxiety and diet.
With a
correlation coefficient (r) of 0.681 and a significance value (p) of 0.000,
bivariate analysis with the Spearman correlation test showed a significant
relationship between anxiety and eating patterns. This indicates a positive
relationship, where higher anxiety is associated with greater disordered
eating. The results of the crosstabulation between anxiety and gender showed
that both men and women generally experienced mild levels of anxiety; however,
women tended to be in the moderate anxiety category.
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